The biggest difference is that 3PMSF all-terrain tires are rated to provide better snow traction than your standard mud and snow (M+S) branded all-season tire.Īn M+S tire doesn’t have a performance standard like 3-Peak Mountain Snowflake rated all-terrain tires. Difference Between M+S Rating Tire and 3PMSF Rating Tire A higher rating = better traction in wintery conditions. This would be used to identify truck tires that have a traction index equal to or greater than 110 when tested on snow. Tire Manufacturers Association (USTMA) and the Rubber Association of Canada (RAC) agreed to create a performance-based standard. Where did this symbol for snow-rated all-terrain tires come from?īack in 1999, the U.S. Keep in mind, this testing only measures a tire’s acceleration traction on medium snow – not braking and turning, or ice traction. Tires with this symbol provide superior winter performance and traction on ice and heavy snow in comparison to tires without the rating. You can find the 3PMSF rating on both all-season and all-terrain tires, as long as they meet the testing criteria. Now, what’s different about a 3PMSF symbol branded tire versus a regular A/T tire?Ī 3-peak mountain snowflake rating indicates that the tire is approved by the Rubber Manufacturer’s Association as meeting the minimum requirements for performance in severe snow conditions. What is the 3-Peak Mountain Snowflake Rating? Why Do I Need It? Many truck owners choose to equip their vehicles with A/T tires so that they can handle a larger variety of road-types and weather conditions. While many people begin their search looking for all-terrain car tires, they can only be used on light trucks, SUVs, and some CUVs – but never on passenger cars. They’ll provide a smooth, safe ride on the street, gravel, and mud.Ī/T tires can be used on both 4WD and 2WD vehicles. Think of them as the happy middle ground between “mud tires” and highway tires. They can handle both wet and dry conditions, dirt, gravel, as well as light snow. Let’s start our exploration into 3PMSF all-terrain tires by discussing what the average all-terrain tire does.Īll-terrain tires, or A/T tires, are specifically designed to perform adeptly on and off-road. There’s one for every budget and need out there, we promise. We’ll also list some of the best all-terrain tires for snow on the market. In this post, we’ll explain what the 3PMSF rating is and how tires under this marking perform well in cold weather. If you’re planning to deal with heavy snow and ice, you’ll want a set of all-terrain tires marked with the 3-Peak Mountain Snowflake (3PMSF) rating. Most all-terrain tires are designed to work on a variety of surfaces, including dirt, gravel, and light snow, but they might not be fully suited to tackle serious cold weather conditions. Trekking across snow and ice is much easier and safer- especially if you have the right all-terrain car tires equipped. When that first big winter snow hits, or you head to the mountains for some adventures, driving a truck or SUV certainly has its advantages.
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Computers include desktop computers, laptops, notebook computers, tablet PC’s, as well as computer peripherals (e.g. Computer and SoftwareĬomputer purchases can be deducted at a rate of 55% per year for independent contractors. For example, a power drill, hammer, measuring table, stationary, a business phone, or whatever other supplies you need to buy in order to complete your job duties, depending on your line of work. The supplies and tools you have purchased for preforming your work are tax deductible. Supplies and tools purchased are also tax deductible. For more information on whether it’s better to lease or buy a car for tax purposes, see leasing vs. Keep a log to track the KM’s you have driven for business purposes. For example, if you drove 50% for business purposes, then 50% of your car expenses are deductible. The car expenses listed above can only be deducted to the extent that they were incurred for business purposes. Tax depreciation (if you own) or lease payments (if you lease).Independent contractors can deduct the expenses related to their car, including: For more information on home office deductions for independent contractors, see How to save taxes for self employed in Canada Vehicle expenses The deductible portion of the above expenses is equal to the percentage that your home office space is of the total size of your home. Are you an independent contractor? Learn what expenses are tax deductible and what tax savings you are eligible for during tax time.ĭeduct expenses related to your home office, such as: Dry cleaning instructions are shown with circle icons. Some items, especially professional clothes or garments made from luxury textiles, need to be dry-cleaned. You can't just throw every garment in the washer and be done with it. Turns out there's a difference between different types of dry cleaning. If there's a triangle icon with lines through it (like the middle icon above) then you can use specifically nonchlorine bleach, but only this type, otherwise the garment may be ruined. An open triangle means it's safe to use bleach, but a triangle crossed out means to never use any kind of bleach. The triangle icons on the care label will explain if you can or cannot bleach. However, most white linens and cotton garments are bleach-friendly. Certain materials like spandex, wool, silk, mohair or leather will be ruined by bleach no matter the color of the item. Here's an important tip: just because it's white, that doesn't mean it can automatically be bleached. Just because it's white doesn't mean you can bleach it. Lines crossed out below the iron means the garment can't be steamed.
The group comes within sight of Decker's Landing only to find it ablaze, with more of Redeye's wolves patrolling the area. Upon learning that their family are likely either dead or prisoners, Heather is filled with sorrow while Picket becomes angry. Wilfred explains that they are heading for Decker's Landing, and gives Heather and her brother a few details about how things stand. She drops her pretense when Picket wakes up, and is introduced to Smalls, whom she quickly befriends. The following morning Heather wakes up, but feigns sleep as she listens to Wilfred and a revived Smalls discussing their plans. Heather and Picket watch their home being ravaged by wolves. Heather is then introduced to Wilfred, who reveals that he had seen her when she was a baby, before falling asleep in exhaustion. Picket, with outside help from Wilfred, is able to break down a dam, releasing a flood that allows the four rabbits to escape from their pursuers down the Whitmer River. Heather insists on getting the unfamiliar rabbit to shore with Picket's help, and later loads him into a boat that they discover. The trio eventually fall into a large cavern containing an underground pool, the shock of which awakens Heather but knocks Smalls out. Heather is carried through Seven Mounds by Wilfred's companion, Smalls, as he and Picket try to get them all to safety. Just as Redeye is about to kill her, her Uncle Wilfred appears and forces her through the entrance with a kick that also knocks her unconscious. After a brief exchange, Heather leads the wolves on a long chase, making it to Seven Mounds only to become stuck in the entrance as she attempts to join Picket. Heather sends Picket to run to one of the Seven Mounds, while she confronts Redeye Garlackson, leader of the attacking pack. On the way there, they overhear screams coming from Elric's farm, and rush home only to find their tree ablaze and surrounded by wolves. The next day, a visitor who introduced herself as Lady Glen arrives at the house Picket and Heather interact with her briefly before being sent to Gladeberry. After making it to the shelter of their elm tree home, the pair are treated to the first part of The Rise and Fall of King Jupiter the Great by their father. The day before the last of these visits, Heather and Picket were engaged in a close game of Starseek when a storm rolled in from the east. As the pair neared maturity, their parents received mysterious visitors with increasing frequency, particularly after the birth of their youngest brother Jacks. When she is somewhat older, Heather creates a game called Starseek, and teaches her younger brother Picket how to play, and it becomes a recurring game of theirs. Having been born in the Great Wood, Heather is taken to Nick Hollow by her parents while she is still an infant. Heather and Picket play Starseek in Nick Hollow. 5.5 Wilfred Longtreader and Garten Longtreaderīiography The Green Ember/ The Last Archer Nick Hollow.1.1.3 Citadel Congress and Battle for Cloud Mountain. Easily set your photo as os x desktop picture. Sharing photos with your family and friends via email.Sharing photos with your family and friends on Facebook,Flickr,Twitter and other share service supported by Mac OS X.Export image to jpeg,png,jpeg-2000,tif,bmp,pdf and other formats.You can separate tags or file names with a comma. Multiple tags or file names search in search field.Search or filter your photos by a set of rules that you’ve created. Quickly find all duplicate photos in your folders.Easily pick and flag your photos by pressing spacebar key.Free combination of maximum three group types.Automatically copy or move your photos with group structure.Automatically group your photos by image general information and metadata including GPS,EXIF and IPTC.Open your photos with external application.Inspector with image general information and metadata including EXIF and IPTC.Press option key to switch to zoom mode in image browse view, so then you can zoom photo easily by mouse scroll wheel,mouse dragging or mouse click.Browse,zoom and rotate with touch gestures.Automatically rotate photos with exif orientation.Smoothly scroll thumbnail view/browse view/photo bin, even not using Apple Magic Mouse.Grid view mode, so then you can view more than one photo at once and compare them easily.Thumbnail view for an overview of your all photos.Automatically sync your photos in folder with Mac OS X Finder.Multiple folder selection in folder tree, so then you can view all your photos in more than one folder at once and find all duplicate photos.
But to achieve this there are two main ways. To build and/or edit those opening books, users need to use special software.Īll in all the information stored in an opening database should guide the chess game into a type of middle game in which the chess program proves itself most successful. So when a chess program has to decide on a move, it will look up (by using binary-search) using the hash value of the current position to collect all information come with that hash value and then make a decision upon it. Items of a book should be sorted by their hash. For example, PolyGlot uses 16 bytes for each item, including hash, move, weight, learning values. To save space those extra information typically about 2-8 bytes. Often each position is stored as a hash value (8 bytes) and some extra information such as the number of times occurred, number of games won by white/black / drawn with this position, average/maximum Elo of players playing to this opening position, chess program's success with the position. However, the major number of top books is built and worked with hash values from transpositions. At the most simple form, they are just a conversion of above text-opening books into binary, in the ready form for software and save text-binary converting steps. Special text formats: In 1999, Marc-Philippe Huget published a Book Builder in conjunction with his engine La Dame Blanche, a standalone open source program to convert a PGN file into an opening book of the format proposed by Kathe Spracklen :īinary books have some important advantages, especially for computer chess engines: space-efficient, fast on accessing and searching, more useful information.PGN: Opening lines are stored as individual games.EPD: They are the last positions of opening lines.They are stored in typical ways for games and positions: In practice, those opening books are usually very small with some lines or positions only, they are hard to be used for real game playing but for testing. They are usually missing weight values (to compare between items to know which ones are better) either. If we store openings "continuously" (all possible opening positions) both data size and searching time become too huge and unacceptable for playing. However, the main disadvantage is that they may take too much space as well as time for searching since an item may take from 50 bytes (for FEN strings) to hundreds of bytes (for PGN text). The most advantage by using text form is that they are readable, understandable, and editable by humans and can be viewed, edited with normal text editors. Opening books are typically stored in two main formats: As book moves can be chosen randomly, whereas searches are more or less deterministic.
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